Upper Endoscopy
Upper endoscopy, also known as esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD, is a diagnostic procedure used to visually examine and diagnose conditions of the upper gastrointestinal, or digestive tract. The upper gastrointestinal tract includes the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, or upper part of the small intestine. An upper endoscopy is performed using a flexible tube with an attached light and camera, called an endoscope. It is inserted through the mouth and guided along to thoroughly examine the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Reasons for Upper Endoscopy
Upper endoscopy is usually recommended for investigating troublesome digestive symptoms, such as abdominal pain, bleeding, nausea, difficulties swallowing, vomiting, heartburn and ulcers. In addition to the diagnostic and investigative purposes of an upper endoscopy, it can be used to obtain tissue samples for biopsy or to dislodge matter in the gastrointestinal tract. Upper endoscopy can also be used to detect abnormal growths and precancerous conditions.
The Upper Endoscopy Procedure
Patients are required to abstain from food and drink for at least 8 hours prior to the procedure. Upper endoscopy is typically performed as an outpatient procedure at a hospital, surgery center or outpatient clinic. A sedative may be given to help the patient relax. During the procedure, the patient is positioned on his or her back, with sensors attached to the body to monitor blood pressure and heart rate. Usually, a numbing medication will be sprayed into the patient's mouth in preparation for the insertion of the endoscope. The endoscope will then be passed through the mouth and guided along the upper gastrointestinal tract, transmitting images on to a video monitor in the treatment room. Any abnormalities found in the digestive tract during the procedure will be recorded.
Recovery from Upper Endoscopy
After the upper endoscopy is completed, the patient will be monitored in a recovery area for approximately 1 hour. A sore throat is common after this procedure, but it can be soothed with lozenges. Driving is not permitted for up to 24 hours after the procedure, so the patient should arrange for transportation home. With the doctor's approval, the patient can usually resume their regular activities the next day.
Risks of Upper Endoscopy
Upper endoscopy is generally considered a very safe procedure. However, while considered rare, there are risks which may include:
- Reaction to sedatives or anesthesia
- Bleeding
- Puncture of the gastrointestinal tract
- Infection
- Difficulty breathing
After the procedure, some patients may suffer from persistent pain in the area of the endoscopy.
Results of Upper Endoscopy
The results of an upper endoscopy are commonly available immediately after the procedure. If a biopsy was performed, the tissue sample is sent to a pathology lab for detailed testing, and results may be available within 1 to 2 weeks. An appropriate treatment plan is created after a review of all test results.
